A cystoscope is placed into the bladder during a cystolitholapaxy in order to find the bladder stone or stones. These stones are broken, then taken out. An operation called a cystolitholapaxy is used to treat bladder stones, which are solid mineral deposits that can develop inside the bladder. A cystoscope is placed into the bladder during a cystolitholapaxy in order to find the bladder stone or stones. Similar to a small telescope, the cystoscope. The stones are cut into smaller pieces by a laser before being removed. The surgical treatment transurethral cystolitholapaxy is most frequently performed to treat bladder stones in adults. Under either general or local anaesthetic, it is carried out. Stones are removed with a cystoscope that is introduced into the bladder through the urethra. In situations where transurethral cystolitholapaxy would not be appropriate or successful, percutaneous suprapubic cystolitholapaxy is employed. The procedure is carried out while the patient is unconscious. A small (1 cm) incision is made in the lower abdomen skin as part of the surgery, and a hollow tube called a "sheath" is inserted through which the cystoscope is inserted and stones are removed.
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